Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11851/12396
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dc.contributor.authorKosasih, A.-
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Ö.T.-
dc.contributor.authorKolomvakis, N.-
dc.contributor.authorBjörnson, E.-
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-11T19:51:25Z-
dc.date.available2025-04-11T19:51:25Z-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.identifier.issn1053-5888-
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2024.3511922-
dc.description.abstractAs wireless technology begins to utilize physically larger arrays and/or higher frequencies, the transmitter and receiver will reside in each other's radiative near field. This fact gives rise to unusual propagation phenomena, such as spherical wavefronts and beam focusing, creating the impression that new spatial dimensions - called degrees of freedom (DOF) - can be exploited in the near field. However, this is a fallacy because the theoretically maximum DOF are already achievable in the far field. This article sheds light on these issues by providing a tutorial on spatial frequencies, which are the fundamental components of wireless channels, and by explaining their role in characterizing the DOF in the near and far fields. In particular, we demonstrate how a single propagation path utilizes one spatial frequency in the far field and an interval of spatial frequencies in the near field. We explain how the array geometry determines the number of distinguishable spatial frequency bins and, thereby, the spatial DOF. We also describe how to model near-field multipath channels and their spatial correlation matrices. Finally, we discuss the research challenges and future directions in this field. © 1991-2012 IEEE.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF, (2022-04222); Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSFen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.en_US
dc.relation.ispartofIEEE Signal Processing Magazineen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.titleSpatial Frequencies and Degrees of Freedom: Their Roles in Near-Field Communicationsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.departmentTOBB University of Economics and Technologyen_US
dc.identifier.volume42en_US
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage33en_US
dc.identifier.endpage44en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001450672600003-
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105003295450-
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/MSP.2024.3511922-
dc.authorscopusid57202575500-
dc.authorscopusid55807906700-
dc.authorscopusid56698285700-
dc.authorscopusid24478602800-
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1-
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1-
dc.description.woscitationindexScience Citation Index Expanded-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.openairetypeArticle-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
Appears in Collections:Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
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