Evolution of the Science of Thermodynamics: the History

Abstract

Until late in the 18th century, thermodynamics was seen as science of energy-Science of heat and work. During the eighteen century- or until late in the 18th century, heat was seen as a weightless fluid called "caloric". Heat will flow from high temperature to a low temperature producing useful work output conserving heat. 18th century engineers knew that machinery can be designed, and this heat flow can be used to produce useful work HEAT ENGINE. In this study, it will be shown how science of thermodynamics evolved within almost a century, as the science of energy, absolute temperature and entropy. It is also shown that how the availability (Exergy) is introduced as the second law analysis at the school of thermodynamics at MIT and now it can be used in Constructal thermodynamics as workable, efficient,solutions in analyzing energy systems and all components of all energy systems while protecting the environment.