A Theoretical Discussion on Fair Equal Opportunity for Vulnerable Populations; Roma People and Right To Health

Abstract

The Roma people are consistently worse-off than the rest of the population, particularly with regards to educational level, employability, health status and socio-economic status. Although the right to health, as one of the most important fundamental human rights, is guaranteed to all without discrimination, the Roma suffer more from chronic diseases and have problems accessing the healthcare system in Turkey, similar to other countries in which they live. The existing literature and studies on the Roma people's health reveal that there is a gap between the Roma and non-Roma people, despite proximity of residence. This means the gap is not due to physical or geographical factors, but to social determinants of health. This study investigates how John Rawls' theory of justice and Amartya Sen's capability approach are applicable to eliminating the problems of the Roma people, in utilizing healthcare services. Although international and national legislation emphasize that everyone has a right to fundamental human rights, exercising those rights becomes problematic in practice. The results of two sets of field research show a need to design tailor-made programs to advocate for the Roma people's right to health and improve their health outcomes.