Yenilenebilir Enerji Güvenliği Bağlamında Kritik Mineral Tedariki: Devletlerin Ticaret Politikalarının Değerlendirilmesinde Çin Vakası
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2024
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Bu tez, yenilenebilir ve temiz enerji teknolojilerine geçiş sürecinin önemli bir unsuru olan kritik mineral tedarikine yönelik ticaret politikalarını analiz etmektedir. Tezde, Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi (UPE) literatüründeki tartışmalara dayanarak, takip eden araştırma sorusu için devletlerin ticaret politikalarının tek bir kuramsal çerçeve ile bütüncül biçimde anlaşılamayacağı iddia edilmektedir: Enerji dönüşümü sürecinde yenilenebilir enerji arz güvenliğini sağlama doğrultusunda devletler nasıl bir ticaret politikası izlemektedir? Bu bağlamda, Ekonomi Diplomasisi ve Enerji Güvenliği literatüründeki yaklaşımlar sentezlenerek oluşturulan eklektik analitik çerçeve, UPE zemininde seçilen Çin vakasına uygulanmıştır. Çin'in güneş paneli, rüzgâr türbini ve elektrikli araç bataryası üretimi için ihtiyaç duyduğu bakır, kobalt, lityum, nadir toprak elementleri ve nikel minerallerini en yüksek miktarda tedarik ettiği ülkeler belirlenmiştir. Eklektik çerçeve doğrultusunda bu minerallerin tedarikine yönelik ticaret politikaları hem merkezi politikalar hem de ülke bazındaki politikalar açısından 2010-2021 yılları arasında analiz edilmiştir. Analiz yöntemi içerik analizidir. Tezin temel bulgusu, kritik minerallerin tedarikinde Realist, Liberal ve İnşacı kuramlarla açıklanan ve çeşitli amaçlar ve araçlarla karakterize edilen politikaların bir arada kullanıldığıdır. Dolayısıyla, kritik minerallerin tedarikinde UPE açısından ticaret politikasından ziyade ticaret politikalarının varlığı söz konusudur.
This thesis analyses trade policies towards the supply of critical minerals as an essential element of the transition to renewable and clean energy technologies. The thesis, based on discussions in the International Political Economy (IPE) argues that states' trade policies cannot be understood holistically with a single theory for the following research question: What kind of trade policy do states pursue towards ensuring renewable energy supply security in the energy transition process? In this context, an eclectic analytical framework synthesising approaches from the Economic Diplomacy and Energy Security literatures is applied to the case of China, chosen based on IPE. The countries that supply the highest amounts of cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel, and rare earth elements that China needs to produce solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicle batteries have been identified. In alignment with the eclectic framework, trade policies for the supply of these minerals were analysed in terms of both central policies and country-specific policies between 2010 and 2021. The method of analysis employed is content analysis. The primary finding of the thesis is that a combination of policies, which can be explained by Realist, Liberal, and Constructivist theories and characterised by various aims and means, are used in the supply of critical minerals. Consequently, the supply of critical minerals involves a combination of trade policies rather than a single trade policy based on IPE.
This thesis analyses trade policies towards the supply of critical minerals as an essential element of the transition to renewable and clean energy technologies. The thesis, based on discussions in the International Political Economy (IPE) argues that states' trade policies cannot be understood holistically with a single theory for the following research question: What kind of trade policy do states pursue towards ensuring renewable energy supply security in the energy transition process? In this context, an eclectic analytical framework synthesising approaches from the Economic Diplomacy and Energy Security literatures is applied to the case of China, chosen based on IPE. The countries that supply the highest amounts of cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel, and rare earth elements that China needs to produce solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicle batteries have been identified. In alignment with the eclectic framework, trade policies for the supply of these minerals were analysed in terms of both central policies and country-specific policies between 2010 and 2021. The method of analysis employed is content analysis. The primary finding of the thesis is that a combination of policies, which can be explained by Realist, Liberal, and Constructivist theories and characterised by various aims and means, are used in the supply of critical minerals. Consequently, the supply of critical minerals involves a combination of trade policies rather than a single trade policy based on IPE.
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Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
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