Kentleşme ve Asimetrik Askeri Mücadele: Pkk Terör Örgütünün Silopi'de "şehir Savaşı" Denemesi ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin Mücadelesi

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2019

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TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences
TOBB ETÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü

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In this thesis, as a result of the impact of urbanization on the phenomenon of war, the increasing importance of asymmetric military struggles and the effect of urbanization on the strategy, methods and tactics of the PKK terrorist organization are examined. At the beginning of the last century, the proportion of urban population, which was 16% in the world, reached to 55% in 2018, in other words, the population of rural areas decreased and people were directed towards cities. For this reason, asymmetric organizations of today has lost their capacity to reach to the target with the struggle based on the rural area, which was the main strategy of the succesfull guerrilla movement's strategy in the 20th century. The rapid development of urbanization and its effects has created two different results for the PKK terrorist organization. First, PKK lost the geographical environment for its initial strategy which was a "long-term armed revolutionary struggle" or "people's war" based on rural area. The second, PKK shifted its struggle to the cities parallel to the political sphere. In the upcoming period, regarding PKK it is expected to have a proportional decrease in rural activities and a linear increase in urban activities. In the study, an explanatory method was followed based on quantitative and qualitative data; academic writing and terrorist organization resources were utilized, and a case study was conducted in Silopi District.
Bu çalışmada, kentleşmenin savaş olgusu üzerindeki etkisi neticesinde asimetrik askeri mücadelelerin yükselen önemi ve bu bağlamda kentleşmenin PKK terör örgütünün strateji, yöntem ve taktiklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Geçtiğimiz yüzyıl başında tüm dünyada %16 olan kentsel nüfus oranı 2018 yılı itibariyle %55'e ulaşmış, diğer bir ifadeyle kırsal alan nüfusu azalmış ve insanlar kentlere yönelmiştir. Bu sebeple günümüzün asimetrik örgütlerinin, 20'nci yüzyılda başarılı olan gerilla hareketlerinin temel stratejisi olan kırsal alana dayalı mücadelesi ile hedefe ulaşması mümkün gözükmemektedir. Kentleşmenin bu denli hızlı gelişmesi ve yarattığı etkilerin PKK terör örgütü için iki farklı sonucu olmuştur. Birincisi, PKK terör örgütü, "Uzun Süreli Halk Savaşı" stratejisinin gereği olarak kırsal bölgeye dayalı bir "gerilla savaşı" ortamını kaybetmiştir. İkincisi, mücadelesini siyasal alana paralel olarak kentlere kaydırmıştır. Önümüzdeki süreçte PKK'nın kırsal alandaki eylemlerinde oransal olarak azalma, kentsel eylemlerinde ise doğrusal artış olması beklenmektedir. Çalışmada nicel ve nitel verilere dayanarak açıklayıcı bir metot izlenmiş, akademik yazın ve terör örgütü kaynaklarından istifade edilmiş ve Silopi İlçesi özelinde vaka analizi yapılmıştır.

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Urbanization, Asymmetric Warfare, PKK, Strategy, Tactic, Kentleşme, Asimetrik Savaş, Strateji, Taktik

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Yüksel, M. (2019). Kentleşme ve asimetrik askeri mücadele: PKK terör örgütünün Silopi'de "Şehir savaşı" denemesi ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin mücadelesi. Ankara: TOBB ETÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]

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