Rassal Kaynak Gereksinimli Paralel Proje Çizelgeleme ve İnsan Kaynagi Atama Problemi için Kaynak Maliyet Minimizasyonu Modeli Gelistirilmesi ve Analizi
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Etkili proje yönetimi, günümüzde neredeyse tüm şirketler için önemli bir konudur. Proje yönetiminin en önemli iki aşaması da proje çizelgeleme ve insan kaynağının bu çizelgeye göre atanmasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, paralel proje çizelgeleme ve kaynak atama problemlerini içeren iki aşamalı bir stokastik optimizasyon problemi ele alınmıştır. İlk aşamada, gerektireceği iş gücü stokastik kabul edilen proje aktivitelerinin, proje planlama ufku boyunca çizelgelenmesi yapılırken ikinci aşamada ise bu aktivitelere insan kaynağı atamaları gerçekleştirilmektedir. Oluşturulan matematiksel model ile, iç kaynakların atamalarının yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda gereken yeteneklere bağlı olarak dışarıdan alınan kaynakların maliyetinin minimizasyonu hedeflenmektedir. Problem kapsamında, ilk senaryoda proje aktivitelerinin kısmi atanmasına, yani aktivitelerin birden fazla periyoda bölünmesine izin verilmezken incelenen ikinci senaryoda ise kısmi atamaya izin verilmektedir. Bu sebeple, proje aktivitelerinin belirli bir periyotta atanıp atanmadığını kontrol eden karar değişkeni, hem ikili hem de sürekli tipte karar değişkeni olarak kabul edilerek iki ayrı ek kaynak maliyet minimizasyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Her iki senaryo için de proje aktivitelerinin gerektireceği iş miktarları rassal olarak kabul edilmekte ve bu parametrenin dağılımı hem düzgün hem de üçgen dağılım olarak kabul edilmektedir. MATLAB ile oluşturulan veri setleri, IBM CPLEX OPL CP Optimizer (Kısıt Programlama Motoru) kullanılarak oluşturulan matematiksel model ile test edilmiştir ve iki modelle ilgili farklı hassasiyet analizleri yapılarak çıkarımlar yapılmıştır.
In today's world, effective project management is an important subject matter for almost all companies. The two most important aspects of project management are project scheduling and allocation of human resources. In this study, a two-staged stochastic optimization problem, including simultaneous project scheduling and resource allocation problems is discussed. In the first stage, the project activities, whose workforce are considered stochastic, are scheduled along the project planning horizon, while in the second stage, resource assignments are made to these activities. If the required workforce for certain activities exceeds the capacities of internal resources, external human resources are used. With the proposed mathematical model, it is aimed to minimize the expected costs of the external human resources used. Within the scope of the problem, two scenarios are considered. In the first scenario, partial assignment of activities are not accepted. Thus, the decision variable that controls whether the project activities are assigned in a certain period is accepted as binary. In the second scenario, partial assignment of activities are accepted. In this case, corresponding decision variable is accepted as float. For both cases, the required workforce for activities are considered stochastic and the probability distributions are considered as both uniform and triangular. The data set designed in MATLAB, is tested with Constraint Programming (CP) Optimizer in CPLEX OPL environment and different sensitivity analyses for both mathematical models are presented.
In today's world, effective project management is an important subject matter for almost all companies. The two most important aspects of project management are project scheduling and allocation of human resources. In this study, a two-staged stochastic optimization problem, including simultaneous project scheduling and resource allocation problems is discussed. In the first stage, the project activities, whose workforce are considered stochastic, are scheduled along the project planning horizon, while in the second stage, resource assignments are made to these activities. If the required workforce for certain activities exceeds the capacities of internal resources, external human resources are used. With the proposed mathematical model, it is aimed to minimize the expected costs of the external human resources used. Within the scope of the problem, two scenarios are considered. In the first scenario, partial assignment of activities are not accepted. Thus, the decision variable that controls whether the project activities are assigned in a certain period is accepted as binary. In the second scenario, partial assignment of activities are accepted. In this case, corresponding decision variable is accepted as float. For both cases, the required workforce for activities are considered stochastic and the probability distributions are considered as both uniform and triangular. The data set designed in MATLAB, is tested with Constraint Programming (CP) Optimizer in CPLEX OPL environment and different sensitivity analyses for both mathematical models are presented.
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Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği, Industrial and Industrial Engineering, Kaynak yönetimi, Resource management ; Kısıt programlama, Constraint programming ; Proje çizelgeleme, Project scheduling ; Stokastik programlama, Stochastic programming
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66
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