Aad, G.Aakvaag, E.Abbott, B.Abdelhameed, S.Abeling, K.Abicht, N. J.Bauer, M.2025-07-102025-07-1020251434-60441434-6052https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14041-zA search is presented for a heavy scalar (H) or pseudo-scalar (A) predicted by the two-Higgs-doublet models, where the H/A is produced in association with a top-quark pair (t (t) over barH/A), and with the H/A decaying into a t (t) over bar pair. The full LHC Run 2 proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1). Events are selected requiring exactly one or two opposite-charge electrons or muons. Data-driven corrections are applied to improve the modelling of the t (t) over bar +jets background in the regime with high jet and b-jet multiplicities. These include a novel multi-dimensional kinematic reweighting based on a neural network trained using data and simulations. An H/A-mass parameterised graph neural network is trained to optimise the signal-to-background discrimination. In combination with the previous search performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in the multilepton final state, the observed upper limits on the t (t) over barH/A -> t (t) over bart (t) over bar production cross-section at 95% confidence level range between 14 fb and 5.0 fb for an H/A with mass between 400 GeV and 1000 GeV, respectively. Assuming that both the H and A contribute to the t (t) over bart (t) over bar cross-section, tan beta values below 1.7 or 0.7 are excluded for a mass of 400 GeV or 1000 GeV, respectively. The results are also used to constrain a model predicting the pair production of a colour-octet scalar, with the scalar decaying into a t (t) over bar pair.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessArticle2-s2.0-10500930192010.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14041-z