Charged-Hadron and Identified-Hadron (Ks0, Λ, Ξ-) Yield Measurements in Photonuclear Pb Plus Pb and P Plus Pb Collisions at √snn=5.02 Tev with ATLAS

Abstract

This paper presents the measurement of charged-hadron and identified-hadron (K-S(0), Lambda, Xi(-)) yields in photonuclear collisions using 1.7 nb(-1) of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV Pb + Pb data collected in 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Candidate photonuclear events are selected using a combination of tracking and calorimeter information, including the zero-degree calorimeter. The yields as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are measured in these photonuclear collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. These photonuclear results are compared with 0.1nb(-1) of root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV p + Pb data collected in 2016 by ATLAS using similar charged-particle multiplicity selections. These photonuclear measurements shed light on potential quark-gluon plasma formation in photonuclear collisions via observables sensitive to radial flow, enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, and strangeness enhancement. The results are also compared with the Monte Carlo DPMJET-III generator and hydrodynamic calculations to test whether such photonuclear collisions may produce small droplets of quark-gluon plasma that flow collectively.