Alterations in the choroidal thickness and retinal vascular caliber in keratoconus

Abstract

Purpose To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal vascular caliber in the differentiation of patients who have keratoconus (KC) from those of astigmatic and normal patients. Methods This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 72 patients who had KC, 70 who had astigmatism, and 83 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. All the patients were examined using the Sirius topography system and spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. Using the digital fundus photographs, the retinal vascular calibers were calculated. The measurements were also analyzed between the KC stages according to the Amsler-Krumeich classification. Results The CT measurements were significantly higher in the KC group, when compared with the other 2 groups, in each location (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed with regards to the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) values (P = 0.959), while significant differences were noted in the central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) among the groups (P = 0.011). Significant increases were noted in the CT as the stage of KC progressed, except at temporal 3000 mu m (P = 0.603). No statistically significant difference was observed with regards to the CRAE among the stages (P = 0.901). However, the CRVE changes increased remarkably as the stages advanced (P < 0.001). Conclusion The patients who had KC seemed to have a thicker CT and higher CRVE values than the healthy individuals, and these differences were progressively increased as the stages of KC advanced. Reflecting the vascular effects of inflammation, the high CRVE supported theories based on the inflammatory component of KC.